Falling blocks on a string physics2/19/2023 ![]() ![]() bosons, photons, and gluons), are all composed of a one-dimensional string of energy that takes on its identity by vibrating in different modes and/or frequencies. String theory holds that the fundamental constituents of subatomic particles, including the force carriers (e.g. Mathur of Ohio State University, with postdoctoral researcher Oleg Lunin, proposed via two papers in 2002 that black holes are actually spheres of strings with a definite volume they are not a singularity, which the classic view holds to be a zero-dimensional, zero-volume point into which a black hole's entire mass is concentrated. ![]() In some types of superstring theory-the basis of fuzzball theory-the extra dimensions of spacetime are thought to take the form of a 6-dimensional Calabi–Yau manifold. Strings are thought to be bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both the three physical dimensions of space as well as in compact directions-extra dimensions interwoven in the quantum foam (also known as spacetime foam). įuzzball theory replaces the singularity at the heart of a black hole by positing that the entire region within the black hole's event horizon is actually a ball of strings, which are advanced as the ultimate building blocks of matter and energy. Modern physics breaks down when such parameters are infinite and zero.
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